ND-space: Normalized difference spectral mapping

Identification of materials based on spectral reflectance is confounded by variations in magnitude that are independent the shape. Local such as viewing/illumination angles, multiscale soil surface roughness causes shadows and redistributes light, moisture content, all drive changes distinct from variations, complicate identification modeling targets features. Normalization metrics remove can greatly clarify nature differences, simplifying interpretation features imagery. Normalized difference measures particularly useful because simplicity computation, convenient scaling, ease with which normalized procedure be extended to multiple dimensions. The two-dimensional space described here allows for improved discrimination among bare soils emergent vegetation when there types scene. A 2-D model soil-specific change density presented. An application vector index mineral mapping also presented, an emphasis band selection.